اللغة الإنجليزية
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Item FAMILY DISINTEGRATION IN ARTHUR MILLER’S ALL MY SONS, EUGENE O’NEILL’S LONG DAY’S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT AND SAM SHEPARD’S BURIED CHILD(University of Algiers 2. Faculty of Arts and Languages, 2013) Mechta, Amina; Deramchia, Yamina (Directeur de thèse)The present research aims at shedding light on the issue of family dysfunction as portrayed by Miller, O’Neill and Shepard in a twentieth century American social context. The work deals with the theme of family disintegration, a phenomenon that affected the modern American society, where the ethics that forged the old successful American family started to vanish in an age of materialism, criminality and immorality. All My Sons, Long Day’s Journey into Night and Buried Child will be examined on the basis of Freud’s psychoanalytical theory to reveal the repressed familial ills that made up of the Kellers, the Tyrones and Dodge with his family a typical illustration of the disintegrated twentieth century American family whose past transgression of the law ruined their present existence. The research will focus on the cruciality of the past and its impact on people as explained by psychoanalysis. In fact, the outcome of the three families past incidents return back to haunt their present life which proved to be a failure. In addition, this work will dig into the repressed conscious vs unconscious mechanisms of the three plays’ characters in an attempt to decipher the hidden mysteries that led to the current fragmentation of family relationships. As for the theme of the Oedipus complex that is related to the Greek tragedy of the Oedipus Rex, this research will, eventually, tackle the topic of the father-son antagonism typically reflected in the enmity which exists among the three father figures and their male offspring depicted in all of All My Sons, Long Day’s Journey into Night and Buried Child. This research will therefore, attempt to explore the alarming phenomenon of the disintegrated American modern family that proved to be an utter disillusionment for the American Republic’s old sacred ideals of happiness, integration and unity on which the latter was forged.Item THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SELF IN THE SLAVE NARRATIVES OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND HARRIET JACOBS(University of Algiers 2. Faculty of Letters and Languages, 2011) Amirouche, Nassima; Deramchia, Yamina (Directeur de thèse)During the first half of the nineteenth century, slavery was at the core of a hot political debate and was instrumental in the outbreak of the civil war in 1861. Meanwhile, some slaves managed to break free. Many voices had also risen in favour of emancipation and literature eventually managed to convert many readers to the anti-slavery cause. Slave narratives were also essential in this process of conversion; they acted as testimony of the sufferings of those deprived of freedom and urged white people to react. This dissertation compares slave narratives written by Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs, both of whom were born in slavery, and who described their experiences in passionate, compelling narratives.Douglass and Jacobs are among a small number of slaves who managed to record their own accounts of their years in bondage. In a time when only ten percent of all slaves could read or write, each of them received the gift of learning from their mistresses. Their lives were certainly not identical, but both former slaves lived in the same generation and shared many similar experiences. Yet, gender becomes the one compelling difference between the two. If black men were subjugated to horrible tortures, women carried a "double burden." Like slave men, they were subjected to physical abuse, but many of these women also endured constant sexual advances from lustful white men. Both narrators understand that in their writings they are not only revealing the horrors of slavery, but they are also creating a character evolving in time and space in quest for an identity. Because the slave has suffered a loss of identity, the slave narrative becomes the process through which the slave can write and assert his/her identity. I shall draw upon Freud's and Lacan's theories of the formation of identity to explain how slaves' identities are damaged through slavery and how they attempt to reconstruct themselves through their narratives. It is obvious that the slave narratives were influenced by the environment in which they came into being, and were partly shaped by literary conventions, social expectations and norms. Thus, I shall rely on the works of Philippe Lejeune and Henry Louis Gates on autobiography to define how these narratives accommodate themselves with the general definitions and norms of Western autobiography, and how they create their own.Item The Tragic Hero in Eugene O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape In the Light of Karen Horney’s Theory of Neurotic Pride(University of Algiers. Faculty of Letters and Languages, 2009) Belounis, Rachida; Deramchia, Yamina (Directeur de thèse)This dissertation proposes to study the tragic hero in Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape in the light of Karen Horney's theory of neurotic pride. It attempts to verify whether Jones - a black character - and Yank - a stoker - in The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape respectively, who were subject to rejection because of their belonging to marginalised groups, could not develop into their real selves and reach self integrity. Instead, both protagonists, to feel worthy and secure, develop neurotic pride which causes them to mould themselves into their illusory idealised selves as an immortal emperor and a divine stoker. In Horney's view, both characters will grow into alienated beings who exist both as their actual selves in the real world (conscious) and their idealised selves in their fantasy world (unconscious). The encounter between conscious and unconscious anticipates the heroes' downfall. Therefore, the choice of a psychoanalytical criticism suits the subject of our research as it addresses the mind, i.e., conscious and unconscious functioning. In fact, it sheds light on the heroes' psychic conflict which is the main cause of their tragedy. Among a number of psychoanalysts' theories we have opted for Horney's theory in particular because it presents a social view of the psyche, placing emphasis on social factors and their contribution to forming the unconscious. In other words, it shows how lack of warmth and love in Jones's and Yank's environment have made of them victims of neurotic pride whose only obsession is finding security. After trying to bring evidence from the text that Jones and Yank are victims of neurotic pride as explained by Horney, this research attempts to redefine the link between O'Neill's personal experience and his fiction. In other words, it tries to investigate whether the playwright's interest in depicting neurotic characters such as Jones and Yank stems from his personal experience of neurosis. Here appears the second reason for choosing a psychoanalytical approach. In fact, in addition to the character's psyche, psychoanalysis also addresses the author's mind. The last concern of our dissertation is exploring the stylistic aspect of both plays, Expressionism in particular. We argue that O'Neill's choice of Expressionism as the dominant style in the two plays is linked with his interest in dramatising his characters' neurotic conflict and perhaps also his own. Indeed, Expressionism seems to suit the topic of our research as it brings into light the hidden neurotic conflict.Item The Development of the National Security Concept in American Foreign Policy(University of Algiers. Faculty of Letters and Languages, 2009) Rouabhia, Mohamed; Deramchia, Yamina (Directeur de thèse)Much research has been done on the inter-influence between the international situation in which the United States lives, and its conduct in both domestic and foreign policies. This dissertation falls into this category of research. Some critics of the United States' foreign policy, such as Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn, see that American policy is not primarily determined by the international events, but rather by the lust for power and economic interests. Other justifications such as security and the promotion of freedom in the world are used as a mask behind which these real motives are concealed. Others, like Hans J Morgentheau and Kenneth Waltz, see that American foreign policy conduct does and should always depart from the circumstances of the international system and the relative position of the United States in it. The degree to which these circumstances affect national security is one of the major considerations on which foreign policy is conducted. That is, a great part of foreign policy is carried out in such a way that would make the world a safe place for the United Sates. To do so, there has to be a picture of the world and its relation to American national security. Therefore, whenever world circumstances change in nature, this picture will change with it. This is the main issue of this research. This study aims at analyzing the influence of the world circumstances on the development of the concept of national security in the United States throughout three major periods: the isolationist period, from the nineteenth century to World War II; the Cold War era, form the end of World War II to the late 1980's; and the post-Cold War era, from the late 1980's till the recent years. Throughout the history of the United States' foreign policy, there have been different views about the extent and the way in which international circumstances affected the safety and integrity of the American people and their territory. From the early years following the American Revolution to the 1940's, most Americans saw that the survival of their people and land could only be guaranteed by getting away of the conflicts of the Old World(Europe), on the one hand, and preventing the old colonial powers from reasserting their presence in the Western Hemisphere.(The American Continents). During the Second World War, this idea was affected by circumstances. The fact that the War, a world conflict that took place beyond the Atlantic, directly endangered American national security led to a break with the trust in isolation as an effective tool to ensure national security. After the War, the security of the United States was believed to require an involvement in international affairs and inevitable alliance with other powers to influence the course of events in such a way that would prevent the new danger, Soviet Union, from affecting the United States. After the international threat of the Soviet Union disappeared, a new one came to the surface: this is international terrorism. After its emergence as a major threat, Americans started to believe that their security could only guaranteed if they destroyed the capacity of every enemy that could strike before even this enemy really attempts to threaten the survival of the American people and land. Thus, every change on the world scene carries with it a new conception of national security. This change in conception, though it can be exaggerated or distorted by foreign policy makers and the media, is mainly based on the evolution of the world around the United States.Item (RE) WRITING (HI) STORIES(University of Algiers. Faculty of Arts and Languages, 2007) Hannachi, Imene; Deramchia, Yamina (Directeur de thèse)This dissertation is primarily concerned with a comparative study between two novelists writing in the same language but belonging to two different countries, and different periods of history. The first -the main focus of our study- is J.M. Coetzee a writer of the 20th century belonging to the South African context and the other is Daniel Defoe from 18th century Britain. The main scope of this study is concerned with the intertextuality involved in Coetzee's novel Foe -through Defoe's Robinson Crusoe- and the way it relates back to Coetzee's South African historical context. Our intention is to show the different strategies used in Foe that inscribe the book in the field of postcoloniality. As many critics have remarked, the novel "resists any clear interpretation". Different layers of meanings co-exist in the novel and inform its complexity and its distancing from the South African context. The overlapping strategies present in the novel create a kind of maze that confuses the reader and blurs the critic on his way of interpretation. Two main strategies of fiction writing are used in the construction of the novel and generate two overlapping layers of meaning in Foe. The first layer relates back to intertextuality with Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, at a first degree, and Roxana , at a second degree. The second layer is related to aspects of postmodernism. Both layers represent the key to reach the hidden meaning of the narrative which is directly linked to the problematic of the context of South Africa. This dissertation purports to be an original contribution to the comparative studies on Coetzee's work. The major aim of this study is to contribute in the open debate on Coetzee's works by positioning itself within the critical literature linking Coetzee's work to its historical context. It is to be inscribed in the ongoing reflections on literature and writing and their interrelations with History: How Truth is found in Fiction and conversely Fiction in Truth. As a first attempt to introduce this author in Magister research in the University of Algiers we hope to initiate the interest in this field for upcoming scholars in our University.