THE CONSTRUCTION AND CONFLICTS OF FEMALE IDENTITY, IN LIGHT OF MICHEL FOUCAULT'S THOUGHT IN THE ART OF JOY BY GOLIARDA SAPIENZA

Abstract

In this article, the construction of Modesta's female identity is analyzed through Michel Foucault's theory, focusing on three fundamental poles: knowledge, desire, and power. The protagonist of the novel “The Art of Joy” examined in this paper progressively carves out a space of autonomy and freedom throughout the narrative. Through our analysis, we show how family and society are key factors in her identity formation, constructing the nuclei where the first Foucaultian pole, “power”, is exercised. Subsequently, we examine the concept of “femininity” in relation to the second pole, “desire”, highlighting the crucial role of the maternal figure. Modesta challenges social norms and redefines her femininity, finding in desire a driving force for her emancipation and self-esteem. Her relationship with desire becomes a key element in her struggle for autonomy and joy. Finally, based on the third pole, “knowledge”, we analyze how Modesta constructs her identity through the acquisition of various "arts." It is through knowledge that she achieves joy and freedom, demonstrating that knowledge is a path to personal liberation and fulfilment.