LETTRES et LANGUES
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Item Dual Narratives(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d’Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-12-25) Boubaiou, HazemDue to various reasons including scarcity, dual narratives are given little critical attention within the realm of literature compared to other orthodox genres. Juxtaposing different narratives whose plots have no apparent intersecting points may render readers puzzled and eventually uninterested. However, when written effectively, double narrative works are suggested to offer a more rational account of the world’s multiplicity. In light of these conflicting views, this paper endeavours to explore this mode of narration and the murkiness that surrounds it by casting light on Elif Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love (2010). Often labelled as a novel about mysticism, Shafak’s novel complexly fuses a narrative inside another: one set in 13th century Turkey, whereas the second in modern day America. To fulfil the aforementioned endeavour, narrative levels and narration techniques ought to be analysed through the lenses of narratology. Moreover, this paper also seeks to examine to what extent Shafak’s circular form, diversity of narrators and constant shift between the two worlds affected her quest of advocating love and Sufism among other thematic concerns. Keywords: Elif Shafak; dual narrative; mysticism; narrative levels; narratology. ملخص: نظرا لأسباب عدة من بينها الندرة، لا تحظى الروايات ذات السرد المزدوج بحيز كبير من الاهتمام في مجال النقد الأدبي مقارنة بالأنماط الأرثودكسية الأخرى. إذ أن وضع نصوص سردية لا تحتوي حبكاتها على نقاط تقاطع ظاهرة من شأنه جعل مهمة الاستيعاب أصعب لدى القراء. ومع ذلك، يمكن لهذه الأعمال إضفاء وصف أكثر عقلانية للعالم و تعدد أبعاده إذا ما تمت كتابتها بعناية. في ظل هذه الآراء المتضاربة، يسعى هذا المقال إلى استكشاف هذا النمط من السرد من خلال تسليط الضوء على رواية قواعد العشق الأربعون لألف شفق (2010) التي غالبا ما يقترن ذكرها بموضوع التصوف. حيث يدمج هذا العمل بشكل معقد روايتين داخل رواية واحدة: الأولى تدور أحداثها في تركيا في القرن الثالث عشر، بينما الثانية في أمريكا المعاصرة. لتحقيق المسعى المذكور أعلاه، يتوجب تحليل المستويات و التقنيات السردية من خلال عدسات نظرية السرد. علاوة على ذلك، يرمي هذا المقال إلى إبراز لأي مدى أثر إدراج شفق لعدد كبير من الرواة و تحولها المستمر بين العالمين على محاولتها للدفاع عن الحب و الصوفية فضلا عن غيرها من المواضيع المعالجة. كلمات مفتاحية: أليف شفق، مستويات السرد، التصوف، نظرية السرد.Item Analyzing The Reading Of Female Characters In The 2022 Film Adaptation Of Jane Austen’s Persuasion(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d’Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-12-25) Boubetra, KenzaThis research focuses on the 2022 film adaptation of Jane Austen's novel Persuasion, exploring the factors that influenced changes in the reading of female characters of the original source in the adaptation. By examining the making process of film adaptations of novels in general, their function as a reading and interpretive tool, and through analyzing the underlying factors that shape the new reading, this study aims to offer insights into the creative and artistic aspects of film adaptations beyond a viewer's perspective. The research challenges the conventional notion of fidelity criterion as the common standard for evaluating adaptations and sheds light on new insights on the use of this criterion. Rather than comparing and contrasting a novel and its film to consider deviations as failures, this research emphasizes that these creative choices introduced into the original source are an integral part of the adaptation process. Using a comparative study approach, the research identifies the underlying factors that contributed to the alterations in the reading of female characters in the film adaptation Persuasion. These factors highlight the adaptability and creative choices inherent in the process of adaptation. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the complexity of the adaptation process and demonstrate that deviations from the original source can enhance the artistic and interpretive aspects of an adaptation.Item La Fioritura Della Letteratura Femminile Italiana Nel Secondo Novecento(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d’Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-12-25) Ouchtati, ZoubeidaRiassunto La seconda metà del Novecento rappresenta un momento cruciale per la fioritura della letteratura femminile in Italia, un fenomeno intimamente legato all’ascesa del movimento femminista e al consolidamento della critica letteraria italiana al femminile. Questo studio teorico intende offrire una riflessione sulla rilevanza di integrare prospettive di genere nello studio della letteratura, contribuendo a una comprensione più inclusiva e complessa del panorama letterario italiano. Infatti, questo elaborato si propone di esplorare i fattori storici, sociali e culturali che hanno contribuito a questa trasformazione, analizzando come il femminismo abbia ridefinito il ruolo della donna nella società e nella letteratura. Abstract The second half of the twentieth century represents a crucial moment for the flowering of women's literature in Italy, a phenomenon intimately linked to the rise of the feminist movement and the consolidation of Italian literary criticism by women. This theoretical study intends to offer a reflection on the relevance of integrating gender perspectives in the study of literature, contributing to a more inclusive and complex understanding of the Italian literary landscape. In fact, this paper aims to explore the historical, social and cultural factors that have contributed to this transformation, analyzing how feminism has redefined the role of women in society and literature.Item Incivility In Social Media Language(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d’Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-12-25) Namane, FaizaIncivility is currently invading social media, giving rise to deterioration in language used within the virtual world. This paper aims to shed light on the effects of this phenomenon on the language used in social media with its different aspects: social, political, and psychological. For this sake, we shall critically review and analyze the literature on this topic, and deduce some conclusions about the reasons for incivility in social media language and its impacts on people’s thoughts and attitudes. The findings show that incivility is not only related to media users’ personalities but may have roots in their social and cultural environments, in addition to people’s perceptions of what is civil or uncivil.Item Transcultural Spaces(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d’Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-12-25) Ba, NdeyeThis article delves into the multilingual dimension of Cheikh Hamidou Kane’s L’Aventure ambiguë (1961), highlighting its significance within Francophone literature from sub-Saharan Africa. While traditional critiques have emphasized the novel’s use of elite French language and themes of cultural collision, this study shifts focus to the linguistic heterogeneity Kane weaves into the narrative. By examining the integration of various languages and literary styles, this paper challenges the perception of the novel’s monolingual nature and underscores the importance of languages beyond French. Drawing on theories of heterolingualism and transpolingualism, the analysis reevaluates Kane’s prose, spotlighting the role of indigenous languages such as Arabic, Peulh, and Wolof. The exploration of plurilingual dynamics in L’Aventure ambiguë aims to deepen our understanding of Francophone literature and its broader implications for postcolonial discourse. هذا البحث يتعمق في البعد اللغوي في رواية المغامرة الغامضة لشيخ حميدو كان ويسلط الضوء على معناه في األدب الفرونكفوني من جنوب صحراء افريقيا .بينما النقد التقليدي يركز على استعمال اللغة الفرنسية وعلى مواضيع التصادم الثقافي،هذه الدراسة تنقل التركيز الىعدم التجانس اللغوي الذي نسجه كان في الرواية . بفحص تداخل لغات عديدة و ادبية ،هذه الدراسة تتحدي رؤية طبيعة اللغة االحادية في الرواية وتسلط الضوء على اهمية اللغات بعد اللغة الفرنسية.مستنبطا من نظريات التعددية الغوية، هدا التحليل يعيد تقييم نثر كان مركزا على دور اللغات المحلية مثل العربية بول و ولوف. استكشاف دينامكية تعدد الغات في المغامرة الغامضة يهدف لتعميق فهمنا للروايةالفرونكفونية واثارها الواسعة على الخطاب ما بعد الكولونيالي.Item Culturally Responsive Education As Cross-cultural Pedagogy For The Acquisition Of Competencies(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d'Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-06-30) Llorente, ángel; Orozco, MarthaThe nexus between family and school is always necessary in the personal development of each student and, consequently, in educational work. However, at times, there are structural, procedural, and emotional difficulties that limit this contact. In the relationship with families of students from diverse cultural backgrounds, some of these difficulties are exacerbated by cultural clashes and a lack of guidance on how to overcome them. This leads to a lack of understanding of the positive effects of such collaboration on the development of students and the community. Culturally Responsive education is a pedagogical approach which facilities and fosters this relationship between school and family. This pedagogy has possibilities to be implemented in different contexts, which means developing a set of competencies needed for a better education process. The purpose of this research has been to identify how culturally relevant education can be a valid, genuine, and legitimate option for exercising cross-cultural pedagogy in the contexts where it is implemented. Additionally, it seeks to thoroughly understand the theoretical aspects of carrying out this practical exercise and thus achieve training in communicative, cross-cultural, social, democratic or organizational competencies that this pedagogy involves and generates. In this way, it promotes better training for teachers, both in service and in education. A scientific research methodology has been used through a critical literature review that allows analyzing the most relevant theoretical aspects to achieve a committed practice of this pedagogy. The research offers different proposals to facilitate the implementation and development of culturally relevant education as cross-cultural pedagogy. The importance of considering the theoretical foundations of this pedagogy and the competencies that can be developed through its implementation in classrooms is highlighted. Therefore, this work focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding of how culturally relevant education can improve the relationship between family and school in culturally diverse contexts, emphasizing the importance of theoretical and practical preparation of teachers.Item L'image De L'étranger Et La Dialectique Des Frontières(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d'Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-06-30) Ahmed Zahran, MayLe travail de recherche que nous envisageons de présenter est un extrait d'une thèse en cours, il pose notamment la question de la notion des frontières dans sa relation avec l'altérité voire la figure de l'étranger. Dans ce travail nous nous proposons de voir comment la traversée des frontières construit-elle différentes figures de l'étranger ? Est-ce les frontières qui créent l'étranger ou bien l'inverse ? Pour ce faire, nous allons avoir recours aux travaux de l'anthropologue Michel Agier qui étudient comment l'individu devient étranger en franchissant les frontières et comment la condition de l’étranger varie selon la nature de celles-ci. Dans son ouvrage L'étranger qui revient, repenser l’hospitalité, il a établi trois relations entre les frontières et la condition de l’étranger :"extériorité", "extranéité" et "étrangeté" dont nous allons nous servir pour notre travail. Outre les théories de Michel Agier, nous nous proposons également, d’avoir recours aux travaux de Paul Ricoeur, Simmel, Alfred Schutz et du philosophe allemand Bernard Waldenfels concernant la figure de l’étranger. D'ailleurs, nous essayerons ainsi d'explorer ce sujet à travers l'analyse des romans constituant notre corpus: Au Pays de Taher Ben Jelloun, Le pays des autres de Leïla Slimani et Sak El Bambou de Saaoud El Sanoussi. The research work we plan to present is an excerpt from an ongoing thesis, it notably raises the question of the concept of borders in its relationship with otherness, even the figure of the stranger. In this work we propose to see how does the crossing of borders construct different figures of the stranger? Is it the borders that create the stranger or the other way around? To do this, we will use the works of anthropologist Michel Agier who studies how the individual becomes a stranger by crossing borders and how the condition of the stranger varies according to the nature of these. In his The Stranger Who Returns, Rethinking Hospitality, he established three relationships between borders and the condition of the stranger: "strangeness", "foreignness" and "exteriority" which we will use for our work. In addition to the theories of Michel Agier, we also propose to resort to the works of Paul Ricoeur, Simmel, Alfred Schutz and German philosopher Bernard Waldenfels regarding the figure of the stranger. Moreover, we will thus try to explore this subject through the analysis of the novels constituting our corpus: Au Pays by Taher Ben Jelloun, Le Pays des Autres by Leïla Slimani and Sak El Bambou by Saaoud El Sanoussi.Item Les Procédés Techniques Dans La Traduction Anglaise-yorouba Proposés Dans Certaines Revues Chrétiennes Au Nigéria(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d'Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-06-30) Faniran Keji, FelixNous avons mené une recherche pour déterminer des procédés techniques dans la traduction des certaines revues chrétiennes et autres littératures religieuses. La traduction date essentiellement du temps des Romains. Elle s’appliquait religieusement aux langues classiques, le grec et le latin, mais, par la suite, elle a glissé vers un exercice de comparaison des langues modernes : l’Anglais, le Français, l’Allemand, etc. L’histoire nous montre que le rudiment de traduction procède directement de la Sainte Bible. Ceci est la raison pour laquelle ce sujet est choisi pour être en mesure de refléter la source de la traduction. Considérant la nature de cette étude, nous pensons à une méthode-le corpus qui est l’ensemble de documents religieux. Dans cette étude, nous avons préconisé l’échantillonnage aléatoire parce que nous ne pouvons jamais traiter ou étudier toutes les revues religieuses du monde. Dans cette étude, ayant rassemblé les données, nous rechercherons des procédés techniques mis en œuvre dans la traduction anglais-yorouba. Notre corpus se compose de dix revues chrétiennes et autres littératures religieuses, chaque revue est présentée par un code pour bien faire l’analyse et éviter la répétition. Nous pensons des revues, Réveillez-vous,( RV Juin 2005,2008), La Tour de Garde,( LTG 1982,1984,2004,2008 ), Le Miroir des Femmes Chrétiennes, (MFC 2008) et Les Tracts, ( LT2004, 2005,2008). Après avoir rassemblé nos données, nous pouvons donc décrire et discuter nos résultats, nous avons présenté nos données dans des tableaux à trois colonnes.Item Memes(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d'Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-06-30) De Brito, MariaThe paper aims to discuss some cultural aspects of translation, particularly the untranslatability of the otherness of memes. What is a meme? It's a humorous picture, sentence, video, or photo spreading rapidly and forming a real phenomenon on the network. So how can we ensure that certain aspects embodied in it, which have to do with local elements rooted in the history, education, and daily life of a given country, are understood by receivers of different latitudes? This is a request for thinking through humor, academia, philosophy, networks, information technology, and effective communication (or less).Item Non-verbal Communication In Sociocultural Context In Teaching Turkish As A Foreign Language(Faculté des Langues Etrangères. Université d'Alger 2 Abou El Kacem Saadallah, 2024-06-30) Koçak, AhmetThe most important element that provides personal and social communication is language. Although the verbal communication aspect of the language predominates, non-verbal language elements are also at the forefront of communication. In addition to some sounds that cannot be described as words, body language along with gestures and facial expressions, is also called “non-verbal communication”. According to research, “non-verbal communication” is more effective than other language elements in ensuring linguistic understanding. Learning a language as a mother tongue or a foreign language is basically similar but different from each other. The most obvious of these differences emerges when using language in the sociocultural field. Because an individual who communicates in his native language does not experience any hesitation in choosing internalized word meanings or in the use of non-verbal communication elements. So much so that native speakers perform non-verbal communication elements that show emotional states compatible with the meaning of the words used in verbal communication, almost involuntarily, that is, as a reflex. However, the same convenience is not available for those who learn the same language as a foreign language: Foreigners who learn the target language must first choose the word to be used in verbal communication, determine which meaning corresponds to the situation, and then try to add non-verbal communication elements compatible with the context to the word. Some of the non-verbal communication elements can sometimes have meaning on their own, without being added to words, that is, as voice or body language. Some non-verbal communication elements, which may be different from the culture of foreign students learning Turkish, are frequently used in Turkish society. In addition to body language, including gestures and facial expressions, there are also some sounds that contain meaning. Learning these sounds and body language, which are unique to Turks and cannot be described as words, by foreigners learning Turkish, is important in terms of adapting to the sociocultural structure of the society in which they learn the language, as well as knowing the meaning details of the target language. Because knowing some sounds or body language movements that have different meanings or no meaning in the student's own culture will eliminate possible misunderstandings or disagreements. As the foreign student's communication becomes easier, his positive thoughts about the target language increase, it will be easier for him to adapt to the new society he joins without experiencing culture shock. Considering the importance of the communicative approach in foreign language teaching, learning the non-verbal communication elements of the target language should be a priority for language learners.