A Reshuffle Of The Roles Of Instructors And Learners In Online Education

Abstract

How learning in general and second/foreign language learning occurs as a life and formal classroom pursuit has always been a contentious issue among psychologists, language teachers, and the learners themselves who display varying levels of motivation to learn and different outcomes presumably matching the effort invested. Attempts to understand the mechanisms of learning generally fall under two umbrellas: those concerned with theory such Skinner (1950), Chomsky (1965), Vygotsky (1978) and others, who have developed theoretical systems accounting for learning as controlled by stimulus-response, mental processes, and socially mediated interactions, respectively. On the practical side, much recent work was undertaken in relation to motivation as an overriding factor in second/foreign language learning (Gardner, 1990, 2001; Brooks 1999; Chance, 2014, Dörnyei, 1990, Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011, etc.). These works consider motivation from internal and external standpoints and draw attention to personal, cognitive, and social factors as theoretical learning models.