السّياسات التّعليميّة في بلدان المغرب العربيّ -دراسة مقارنة في المرجعيّات والغايات-

Abstract

ترسم هذه الورقةُ وجهتها، آنَ تبْسُط تطوّر السّياسات التّربويّة في بلدان المغرب العربيّ –معقد المقاربة والمقارنة-، ثمّ تتغيّا التّفكيك النّقديّ للمنطلقات الأسَاسَةِ، والمبادئ العامّة لهذه السّياسات، علاوة على التّوجّهات الكبرى والغايات الجوهريّة، والتّدابير العمليّة، وإجراءات المتابعة التي اتّخذها الفاعلون السّياسيّون، لضمان الفعاليّة القصوى، والتّحوّل من صناعة الكلام إلى بناء الإنسان. وقد قادت الدّراسة إلى حصائل طائيّة أهمها: أنّ السياسات التعليميّة المغاربيّة قد سقطت في وضعية (اللاتطابق) (Inadécation) بين مخرجات أنظمة التّعليم والتّكوين، وبين قطاعات الشّغل والاقتصاد والمجالات الإنتاجيّة والاجتماعيّة العامّة، حيث تجلَّت مردوديّة هذه المنظومة في بطالة الخرّجين من الشّباب، حاملي المؤهّلات العلميّة المختلفة. كما أنّ دساتير السّياسات التّربويّة المغاربيّة هي أجوبة سياسيّة أكثر منها أجوبةٌ تربويّة وبيداغوجيّة عن مشكلات التّربية والتّعليم، باعتبار السّياسات التّربويّة السّائدة آصرة الصّلة بالمشروع المجتمعيّ والاختيارات السّياسيّة

This paper defines its destination, when it presents the development of educational policies in the Maghreb countries –the place of study and comparison -, and then seeks to critically disassemble the basic principles and general principles of these policies, in addition to the major trends and core goals, practical measures, and follow-up measures adopted by political actors, to ensure maximum effectiveness, and the transition from speech-making to human building. The study has reached the most important results: that the Maghreb educational policies have fallen into a situation of (mismatch) between the outputs of the education systems, and between the labor and economic sectors and the general productive and social fields, where the profitability of this system was represented by the unemployment of young graduates, holders of various scientific qualifications. Also, the constitutions of the Maghreb educational policies are political answers rather than educational and pedagogical answers to the problems of education, considering the prevailing educational policies are closely related to the community project and political choices.

his paper defines its destination, when it presents the development of educational policies in the Maghreb countries –the place of study and comparison -, and then seeks to critically disassemble the basic principles and general principles of these policies, in addition to the major trends and core goals, practical measures, and follow-up measures adopted by political actors, to ensure maximum effectiveness, and the transition from speech-making to human building. The study has reached the most important results: that the Maghreb educational policies have fallen into a situation of (mismatch) between the outputs of the education systems, and between the labor and economic sectors and the general productive and social fields, where the profitability of this system was represented by the unemployment of young graduates, holders of various scientific qualifications. Also, the constitutions of the Maghreb educational policies are political answers rather than educational and pedagogical answers to the problems of education, considering the prevailing educational policies are closely related to the community project and political choices.