مجلة أفكار وآفاق
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Item نحو مقاربة جديدة لتاريخ العرب الحديث(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) سعيدوني, ناصر الدينTowards a New approach of Modern Arab History. This study sets a methodological framework for a new approach to modern Arab history in its multiple dimensions. It pinpoints its specificity, its chronological framework, the conceptions and biases that shape Arab historical culture, the main themes and contents of historical writings, and, finally, the necessary reassessments to undergo a renewal of Arab historical culture in general, and the scholarly historical knowledge in particular. In fact, an objective and realistic knowledge reflecting contemporary Arab societies culture and their shared historical heritage is necessary go beyond the stereotypes widespread either by euro-centrism and biased ideological and sentimental lines. Such an objective could be fulfilled only by scientific and innovative historical studies.Item معدلات الإنجاز العالمي في الرياضيات والعلوم والذكاء(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) هارون خليفة, عمرThe international achievement of math, sciences and intelligence: lessons for the Arab countries The study aimed to investigate the topic of international achievement of math, science and intelligence in South Asia and the lessons that can be learned for the Arab countries. To achieve this aim, the performance of math and science in the International Olympiad of Math and Science for the year 1999 and 2003 has been investigated. Additionally, the study has investigated the correlation coefficient between math, sciences and intelligence, and it showed the international and the Arab performance in IQ. A comparison and contrast between the Standard Progressive Matrices and the performance of those with high abilities has been investigated. The study introduced for the first time in the Arab world the issue of Lynn-Flynn effect and the national intelligence. Finally, some implications for further studies in the field has been reached in particular, the biological (genetics) and environmental (stimulations) measures that can be used for the increase of the national intelligence.Item من أدب الرحلة المقربة وصف البحر(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) بن سعد, محمد السعيدLiterature of traveling: description of the sea (stylistic study). This study is about a reading of the sailing of Abi Abbes al-Makkari, one of the great figures of Algerian literature, on the basis of the stylistic postulates according to language levels, in order to have access to his intellectual heritage as far as form and style are concerned. We have noticed: the phonology and its significations such as the digression of the two letters al- Raa and al- lam, the grammar structure particularly the links and the concision, and the rhetoric level in its renunciation and relinquishment. Abou Abbas was always relying on diglossia which do not quit him: water and earth, Maghreb and Machrek, arrival and departure, fear and ambition, land and sea. A diglossia that had forged al-Makkari’s personality, his way of living and his thinking.Item الفرنسيون الأحرار واستقلال المغرب(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) زكي, مباركThe French Liberals and the Independence of Morocco. The prevailing idea among the post-independence generation of Moroccans is that, the struggle of the Moroccan nationalist movement against the French colonial presence was general and against all the French. They do not differentiate between the French who supported the colonial project and those (liberals) who defended the rights and freedom of man. This dominant idea has been strengthened by the lack of national or foreign writings about this important subject. The contributions of French liberal’s to the national cause of Morocco were effective and Significant in terms of service and support. They took part in enlightening the French and the International public opinion, and in the return of King Mohammed V from his exile to the throne, and in settling the Moroccan-French crisis peacefully. Therefore, this article aims to introduce some of those Liberals and their activity and struggle, like: Jean Jaures, Robert Jean Longuet and François Mauriac, to the post independence generations.Item السيف والقلم: ابن خلدون وإشكالية الحرب(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) التريكي, فتحيThe Pen and the Sword: Ibn Khaldûn and the problematic of war In this study, we shed some lights on the idea of war in the Al-Muqqaddima of Ibn Khaldûn and its ways of manifestations in power and governance. We could specify three essential points for understanding Ibn Khaldûn's theory of war. - The first point pointed out the subjection of the phenomenon to political practice. - The second point is related to the strategy of war and the three types of combat, through three forms: firstly, the march in lines and the continuous offensive until the annihilation of the enemy; secondly, combat by way of hit-and-run. It is the combat of the Berber Arabs consisting of a continuous movement: attack, defense and escape; thirdly, mobilization in which the armies are divided into groups in accordance with the natural order of the four directions. - The third point is related to the purpose of war by which is meant victory or the strategy of triumph. Thus, with Ibn Khaldûn, for the first time in the arab and islamic thought, thinking moves away from advices in war and does not limit itself to narration and the description of battles and conquests. Although, we do not find in his text an affirmation of autonomy for this science, however there is an earnest attempt at abstraction and theorization. With Ibn Khaldûn the battle becomes an important field for theorization linked to the field of politics and power and to the field of civilization and society.Item مدى توافر مناخ نفسي اجتماعي في الأسرة لتنمية الموهبة(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) معمرية, بشير; خراز, عبد الحميدThe availability of a family psycho-sociological atmosphere for children’s talent development: empirical study among pupils’ secondary school. In this article we present the results of a study on the availability of domestic atmosphere for the development of children’s talents. Total sample consisted of 389 males and females pupils of secondary school in the province of Batna; 164 of them were males and 225 were females, Aged between 15 and 20 years old, were selected from specialties of science, technology, experimental sciences, literature, philosophy, management and economy of all secondary grades. The applied questionnaire consisted of 40 items to measure the domestic atmosphere for the development of children’s talent. It was found that females subjects are more aware than males of the existence of a family atmosphere for the development of talents. Moreover, there is no difference between the percentages for both sexes in their perception of domestic atmosphere. The most important aspects of the domestic atmosphere were encouraging children to excel at their studies and everything they do, promoting self-confidence, reliability and resistance to failure and establishing good relationships within the family and providing an amusing atmosphere at home. Moreover, the results pointed out also, offering total freedom to the family members to express themselves and discuss without hesitation their own ideas in the family.Item ثجماعت في منطقة القبائل: مجلس العرش أم مجلس القرية؟(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) حارش, محمد الهاديTadjmaat in the Kabylia Region : Counsel of the Archs or counsel of the village?. By the end of the ninetieth and the beginning of the twentieth century, an awareness of citizenship emerge instead of the ‘‘Aarouchia’’ in the Kabylia region, because of the role played by the immigration towards europe and the influence of the nationalist and labor movements, as well as the role of ‘‘tadjmaat’’ in the region which is seen as a socio-cultural forum in the village. In addition to that, we pointed out the subsiding Archs’ role as a result of the effect of : - the colonial policy, which aimed at enhancing the European ‘‘settlement’’ in Algeria through the dismantling of the economic base of the social structure of the ‘‘Arch’’ i.e , the common propriety of land, in order to easily manage the despoilment of it by the settlers. - the political activities of the nationalist movement with its various tendencies particularly its liberation and independence’s tendency.Item الواسطة والفساد في إدارة المال والأعمال: دراسة إقليمية مقارنة(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) عشوي, مصطفى; بيتر, سميث; بوسنه, محمود; الأمين, عبد الله; السيار, جميلةPulling Strings and corruption in doing business: a regional comparative study. The objective of this research is to analyse the relationship between feelings towards “Al-Wasta” (pulling strings) behavior and acceptance of corruption by employees and managers of organizations. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: 1- There is a strong positive correlation, especially among the males, between the nature of the general feelings towards “Al-Wasta” and corruption acceptance. This implies that the individuals, who have positive feelings towards Al-Wasta, tend to accept corruption practices more than the individuals who have negative feelings towards “Al-Wasta”. 2- The general mean of the sample’s attitude towards corruption acceptance is centered on the middle point of the used scale. This result does not correspond to the reviewed studies and to the “International Transparency” reports about corruption in the Arab world. This result can be explained by the fact that it is difficult to accept openly the existence of corruption in the Arab countries especially if we know that “save face” is one of the most important values in the Arab world. However, corruption is morally rejected by the participants.Item التاريخ، الذاكرة والسياسة: سطو فرنسا على التاريخ(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) القورصو, محمدHistory, Memory and Policy: France’s assault on history. The case of Algeria (1830-2009). The statute of 2005 glorifying colonialism, urges us to rethink deeply the relation between history and memory from the French policies perspective. The reexamination of the history’s status and role in the crystallization of the colonial ideology and its projections on the dynamics of the political parties life in France, forces us, to come to the following conclusion: the policies of France are sustained by its colonial memory, moreover, it is not just that, as the fundamental question which is posed, is the problem of the right of previously colonized people to their national history. Aside the fact that, this legitimate right had been exposed to perversions and distortions of history during the occupation by the colonial school of history, it has presently become an object of outbidding and blackmailing between those battling for power in France with no due attention to those who carried the burden of history, that is the ex- colonized people whose history is witnessing an assault in the real sense of the term.Item السياسات الثقافية العربية: أي دور؟(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) مخلوف, مخلوفArabic Cultural Policies: Which role?. The Culture in modern societies is seen as a central axe of the development programs; as the cultural dimension has become a cornerstone in any strategy of local, national or international development. It has similar importance to that of economic, social and environmental dimensions. In modern societies, the cultural and artistic life is one of the main preoccupation and duties of public’s authorities. Indeed, the authorities of different governments gave more and more importance to cultural policies of their countries, as they conceder it as efficient tool that provide the best way which permit to respond to divers resources of the society. Forms of cultural policies differ from society to society and between deferent decades within the same society, because the cultural policy is largely linked to the socio-historical context where is being developed. We have dealt with the problematic of cultural policy in this article in this frame work, with special reference to the Arabic case.Item المساواة والإختلاف بين الذكورة و الأنوثة في فلسفة الوجود(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) مصباحي, محمدEquality and Difference between Masculinity and Feminity in Ibn Rochd’s Philosophy of Existence and Philosophy of Politics. Although the woman’s theme in Ibn Rochd (Averroès) thinking did not rise up to the status of the philosophical object with its methodological and problematic plan in a straightforward and an essential way, but he incidentally tackled subjects very or not much close to the woman. Indeed, we had found basic principles in his philosophical and medical work enough to work out an integrated problematic for this subject. Abou El Walid (Averroès) confronted three opposing conceptions of the woman: a Plato-Aristotalisian philosophical conception, a medical and biological conception and an Islamic jurisprudential conception. Thus, we find the position of Averroès on « feminity » fluctuating between an egalitarian stance giving the woman all her rights when he looked at her from the point of view of existence and essence in his philosophical and political writings; and a non egalitarian stance dispossessing her these rights when he looked at her from the perspective of the practical mind in his medical and jurisprudential works. We shall limit ourselves in this article to the analysis of philosophical and ethical foundations of the egalitarian stance. We may infer that the difference between man and woman becomes a problem only when it moves from a philosophical level to the one that of culture.Item التسرب المدرسي في التعليم الإلزامي بالجزائر: حجم المشكلة وطبيعة التحديات(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) بوسنه, محمود; بغداد, لخضرSchool dropout in compulsory education (elementary and middle school) in Algeria: The size of the problem and the nature of its challenges. The phenomenon of dropout is considered to be one of the most complex problems, which attract the attention of researchers and responsible for education around the world. It is a serious matter since it refers to a double failure: failure at individual level and failure at societal level too. This article deals with schooling dropouts in compulsory education in Algeria: primary and middle cycle. A number of questions have been asked about the achievement of official educational goals of the named two cycles. Does the majority of pupils progress on regular basis and avoid the prospects of falling into the path of the schooling dropout? What are the school dropout rates established at each level of education? What are the causes? What is the relationship, which can be established between the phenomenon of abandonment of school and illiteracy among 15-25 year olds? Field data related to these questions are collected and an appropriate analysis is presented.Item الشباب في دولة الإمارات والشبكات الاجتماعية الافتراضية: مقاربة للتمثّلات والاستخدامات(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) لعياضي, نصر الدينYouths in the United Arab Emirates and the virtual social networks: an approach to representations and uses. This article is about the use of Internet by the youths in The United Arab Emirates (UAE), away from the dominating theoretical paradigms, which restrict it to the technological determinism and the uses and gratifications. We try, in this study, to explain how possession of nearly the same technological equipments by the youths did not lead to the unification of uses and did not produce homogenization of these uses. This is due not only to the differences in the technical skills of the users but also to the socio-cultural context of the use and the Internet representations and its applications: Blogging, Face book, Twitter and YouTube. This research tries also to answer the following question: does the Internet interrupt the daily social relationships of the youths or does it reproduce them? Does the cyberspace put the youths away from their reality or enhance their connection to it including its symbols, values, conceptions and feelings?.Item التراث وإشكالية التحول من الإيديولوجى إلى الإبستمولوجى: عرض لمنظوري محمد عابد الجابري ومحمد أركون(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) بكوش, عبداللهThe arabic-islamic heritage and the problematic of passing from ideology to epistemology: presentation ofMohamed Abed al-Jâbrî and Mohammad Arkoun perspectives. Both thinkers Mohamed Arkoun (1928-2010) and Mohamed Abed al-Jâbrî (1936-2010) argue that contemporary Arabic- Islamic thought is imprisoned in a medieval archaic culture and system of thought, which are largely outdated. Moreover, this system of thought has ideological and political intentions which are subjected to different interests according to different periods. These determinants and motives may be acceptable within the limits of “unavoidable steps”, which change according to circumstances. But their persistence led to the crystallization of a structure of thought in which the mytho-ideological dominates. It is on the basis of this observation that these two thinkers have called to correct this false perspective, opening the field to criticize the "Islamic thought" by Arkoun, and the "Arab Thought" by al-Jâbrî. The efforts of the two thinkers are focused on the deconstruction of the cultural legacy and the redefinition of new conditions that could develop a critical mind; which needs to be opened on the achievements of the modern human and social sciences. This study aims at presenting two important scientific projects from several points of view: the duration (four decades), the depth of knowledge (anthropology, comparative history, different methodologies, etc..), the "audacity" which is unusual in the epistemological field of Arab and Muslim thought.Item تصرف المترجم في العلاقات الإسنادية وفي الوظائف النحوية للوحدات اللغوية و أثره على المنتوج الترجمي(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) حمرون هنـي, شابحةThe disposal of the translator in the syntactic relations, and in the grammatical functions of the source text and the effect on the product of the translating activity. A translator, when undertaking the translation of a text, is necessarily bound to respect the systems of both languages: the source language and the target language. Thus, he is not compelled to follow blindly the original text in its linearity, in strict accordance with the succession of its minimal units and sentences resulting from their combination. A close and unjustified follow up of the source language system and the ignorance of the specificities of the target language, will inevitably result in a hermetic and incomprehensible product to the public to whom it is destined. However, would the avoidance of the consequences of an interlinear translation (word by word) or a purely literal translation, give the right to the translator to handle the syntactic relations and grammatical functions of the source text at will? What impact would such a procedure have on the product of the translating activity? This article discusses this issue using examples drawn from a fictional text translated from Arabic to French.Item الشباب في دولة الإمارات والشبكات الاجتماعية الافتراضية: مقاربة للتمثّلات والاستخدامات(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) لعياضي, نصر الدينItem فروق النوع في الذاكرة السماعية والبصرية بعد التدريب على برنامج العبق (اليوسيماس) الذكور أفضل في الذكاء والاناث في الذاكرة(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) الخليفة, عمرهارونSex differences on auditory and visual memory after Abaq training (UCMAS): Males better in intelligence and females in memory. This study explores the possible differences in auditory and visual memory between male and female trained and un-trained pupils of the abaq program (UCMAS) in Khartoum State. To achieve this aim, the causal comparative method was employed. The study sample consists of 201 basic school pupils both males (100) and females (101), 101 of whom were an experimental group, and 100 a controlling one their age is ranged between 7-12 year olds. For data collection, the following tests of auditory memory were used: Holy verses from Quran, Test of Digits Forward, and Digits Backward of the WISC-111 as well as tests of visual memory: Flash Cards and Memory Drum. The study shows that there were: (a) Significant differences between males and females in auditory memory between the trained and un-trained on Abaq program (UCMAS) favoring females in the experimental group (b). Significant differences between males and females in visual memory between the trained and un-trained on Abaq program (UCMAS) favoring females in the experimental group. Finally, some questions for further studies in the field were raised to resolve the paradox between the high performance of males in intelligence and high performance for females in auditory and visual memory.Item لعمارة الجنائزية النوميدية ضريح مدغاسن نموذج معماري نوميدي أصيل(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) عقـون, محمّد العربيThe Numidian funeral building: the Medracen tomb as an original Numidian architectural specimen. The objective of this article is to present a very important subject which still has shadow cast over it. It is about one of ancient North African architectural masterpieces; it is specifically that sumptuous monument of the Medracen or the Mausoleum of Numidian Kings. This unique monument of its kind has been, and remains a fascinating subject, which continues to be mysterious. Was it really the origin of typical Numidian architecture? This study tends to analyze the identity of this monument according to its architectural details. The results showed that: The Medracen is an architectural development of the Bazina. It is the embodiment of purely Numidian religious beliefs. Also, it represents a unique architecture in its style and form. These data consolidate the Numidian identity of this monument and refute the opinions of some researchers who lack objectivity and try to make the real identity of the monument suspicious.Item إشكالية التشريعات الإعلامية في المجتمعات الانتقالية حالة الجزائر(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) قسايسية, عليProblematic of information legislation in transitional societies: the case of Algeria. The objective of this study is to analyze the problematic posed by major developments in the field of communication and in particular the profound changes brought about by introducing high technologies in all spheres of life, including economic, political and legislative organization of the modern and post modern societies. The dilemma is more persistent in transitional societies such as Algeria. Information technologies have changed peoples’ ways of life and led to the appearing of new forms of public and individual liberties, therefore, public authorities become enable to control and organize the free flow of information through the new communication means and the networked traditional communication means, and the information becomes more and more available for an increasing number of audience which is unlimited in time and space. This implies many challenges. These challenges guide our thinking to search for applications and mechanisms of compatibility between the liberal principles, which has become largely accepted by modern societies, and the unavoidable adaptation to the organizational and legislative requirements for e-societies. The e-societies have become a concrete reality in the different spaces of our life. This situation applies especially to transitional countries such as Algeria.Item خصائص القصة لدى كتاب الحركة الإصلاحية في الجزائر محمد السعيد الزاهري نموذجا(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) منور, أحمدThe specification of Algerian short story in the reformist movement: example of Said EZZAHIRI. The Algerian short story in Arabic appeared at the early twenties of the last century as a reform movement feature. It was mainly used as a mean to raise national awareness among people, and to fight against ignorance, illiteracy, quackery and superstition. It was also a mean to thwart the action of Christian missionaries towards Algerian people (mostly Muslims) and the propaganda of a few Algerian intellectuals who tried to apply an alien misleading modernity to the country. Born at the same time as the religious reform movement conducted by sheikh Ben-Badis, the Algerian short story in Arabic acquired the specific aspects of the newborn movement and prepared the boom of a national consciousness among people. The authors of such enterprise were men who graduated from Zitouna (Tunis), Qaraouiyine (Fes) or Al-Azhar(Cairo). They acted mainly as teachers in Koranic schools, preachers in mosques, or journalists. Said Ezzahiri (1899-1956) who was poet and journalist, was the most prominent figure and the pioneer of this reform movement. He was the sole link between the Arab East and West and the only person who approached the major issues of the Maghreb. He was the first author of short stories in Algeria, and the first who realized the first collection of short stories in 1928. With the use of the easy language and the Koran style, he gave the Algerian short story its special cachet. His literary influence still appears on contemporary short story authors.