مجلة أفكار وآفاق
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Item الواسطة والفساد في إدارة المال والأعمال: دراسة إقليمية مقارنة(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-03-01) عشوي, مصطفى; بيتر, سميث; بوسنه, محمود; الأمين, عبد الله; السيار, جميلةPulling Strings and corruption in doing business: a regional comparative study. The objective of this research is to analyse the relationship between feelings towards “Al-Wasta” (pulling strings) behavior and acceptance of corruption by employees and managers of organizations. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: 1- There is a strong positive correlation, especially among the males, between the nature of the general feelings towards “Al-Wasta” and corruption acceptance. This implies that the individuals, who have positive feelings towards Al-Wasta, tend to accept corruption practices more than the individuals who have negative feelings towards “Al-Wasta”. 2- The general mean of the sample’s attitude towards corruption acceptance is centered on the middle point of the used scale. This result does not correspond to the reviewed studies and to the “International Transparency” reports about corruption in the Arab world. This result can be explained by the fact that it is difficult to accept openly the existence of corruption in the Arab countries especially if we know that “save face” is one of the most important values in the Arab world. However, corruption is morally rejected by the participants.Item التسرب المدرسي في التعليم الإلزامي بالجزائر: حجم المشكلة وطبيعة التحديات(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2011-12-31) بوسنه, محمود; بغداد, لخضرSchool dropout in compulsory education (elementary and middle school) in Algeria: The size of the problem and the nature of its challenges. The phenomenon of dropout is considered to be one of the most complex problems, which attract the attention of researchers and responsible for education around the world. It is a serious matter since it refers to a double failure: failure at individual level and failure at societal level too. This article deals with schooling dropouts in compulsory education in Algeria: primary and middle cycle. A number of questions have been asked about the achievement of official educational goals of the named two cycles. Does the majority of pupils progress on regular basis and avoid the prospects of falling into the path of the schooling dropout? What are the school dropout rates established at each level of education? What are the causes? What is the relationship, which can be established between the phenomenon of abandonment of school and illiteracy among 15-25 year olds? Field data related to these questions are collected and an appropriate analysis is presented.Item التربية التحضيرية في البلدان العربية: الواقع والتحديات(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2013-12-31) بوسنه, محمود; بوشينة, سعيدPreschool education in Arab countries: Reality and challenges Preschool education is considered as a necessary and strategic operation for any society that aspires to be developed, because such education enables children of (0-6 years) to have a maximum development. Numerous studies have shown that children, who have benefited from early childhood education, form a more competent generation. Indeed, these children have better educational and professional success later on in their life. Moreover, this impact of preschool education has positive effects on the development of the society as a whole.In view of these results induced by preschool education, developed countries have taken the decision to generalize it to all children (group early Age). This action has permitted them to be at the top of the world rankings in this domain, unlike the Arab countries which are ranked at the bottom. The objectives of this paper are multiple. Firstly, we have emphasized the importance of the generalization of preschool education, for its impact on the development of children and societies. Secondly, a comparison has been presented between the Arab countries and other regions with regards to this type of education. In addition to that, we have outlined and discussed the Algerian experience, and focused in the conclusion, on the challenges facing the Arab world in this field.Item دور الحرب النفسية في إنجاح ثورة التحرير الجزائرية وإفشال سياسة الاستعمار الفرنسي الاستيطانية(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2016-03-04) بوسنه, محمودAbstract: The role of the psychological war in the success of the Algerian revolutionary war and the failure of the settlement policy of the French colonizer Psychological warfare is considered to be as one of the most dangerous war. Its primary objective is indeed, to wipe morale and will to fight of the enemy. This is in order to create later, in the enemy personnel the feeling of failure and acceptance of defeat. This article propose to analyze the nature, content and strategies of conducted psychological warfare during the French colonization of Algeria, by both the colonizer and the colonized.The data show that despite a significant difference in term of strength (military, organizational and diplomatic) in favor of the colonizer, the Algerian revolution has dominated in its strategic psychological warfare and Psychological warfare of reinforcement and therefore was able to trace the path of freedom and independence. This Algerian experience has surpassed the borders of the country and served as a model to many oppressed peoples around the world.Item مفهوم المجتمع المدني والدولة المدنية في التجربة الغربية والتجربة العربية: الجذور التاريخية لهاذين المفهومين ومحاولات تأصيلهما(مجلة "أفكار وآفاق".جامعة الجزائر 2 أبو القاسم سعد الله, 2018-10-22) بصيري, جمال; بوسنه, محمودملخص: تناولنا بالدراسة في هذه الورقة أصل ودلالة مفهومي المجتمع المدني والدولة المدنية. وتبين لنا بصورة واضحة من خلال تحليل التراكم المعرفي حول هاتين المفهومين أنه يوجد ارتباط وثيق بينهما، إذ يرتكز تحليل أصل وناسليه كل مفهوم على الآخر، وأن دلالتهما مرتبطة بالتطور الاجتماعي والسياسي والفكري للبلدان الغربية. مع العلم أن بداية استخدامهما في التحليل الاجتماعي كان خلال القرن السابع عشر مع فلاسفة العقد الاجتماعي ثم عاودا الظهور لاحقا مع فلاسفة الأخلاق وفلاسفة الفكر الحديث والفكر المعاصر. والجدير بالذكر، هو أنه في كل مرة كانتا تظهران بمعان جديدة تتناسب مع طبيعة التطور الذي عرفته البلدان الغربية في مختلف المراحل التاريخية التي مرت بها. أما فيما يخص واقع المفهومين في البلدان العربية فهو مختلف تماما، إذ أن استخداماتهما في مجالات الفكر والممارسة السياسية والاجتماعية تعتبر حديثة العهد وغير متجذرة. فلقد تم في البداية استخدام مفهوم المجتمع المدني كأداة فهم وتحليل مع أواسط ثمانينات القرن الفارط، ثم كان الدور على مفهوم الدولة المدنية مع نهاية العقد الأول من القرن الحالي، حيث أستُخدم كهدف تطمح الوصول إليه هذه البلدان. والجدير بالذكر هو أن عملية إدخال المفهومين كان في خضم ديناميكية تحولات عميقة من مختلف الجوانب كانت تمر بها منطقة البلدان العربية. ولهذا عمل المفكرون العرب على تقديم العديد من المحاولات الفكرية الجادة لتأصيل المفهومين في واقع الفكر والممارسة السياسية العربيين؛ وقد انقسموا إلى قسمين بين مؤيد لصلاحية استخدامهما ومتحفظ عن ذلك. وناقشنا في هذه الرقة أيضا إشكالية الجمعيات التي يتكون منها ما هو معروف في البلدان العربية بالمجتمع الأهلي (الزوايا، العروش...) من حيث مكانتها ومدى قدرتها على لعب أدوار هامة في تقدم المجتمعات العربية نحو الديمقراطية والمواطنة. Abstract In this article, we examined the origin and the meaning of two concepts, namely civil society and civilian state. The review of the literature shows clearly that there is a close link between these two concepts because, on the one hand, their genesis and origin are interdependent and, on the other hand, their meaning is linked to the social, political and intellectual development of Western countries. The use of these two concepts regarding societal analysis began in the 17th century with the philosophers of the social contract. This use has reappeared, taking new meanings, which were adapted to the level of evolution of the development of Western countries, with the philosophers of ethics, then with those of modern thought and finally with those of contemporary thought. In the Arab countries, the reality of these two concepts is very different, since they have a recent existence in Arab thought and political practice. It is around the mid-1980s when the concept of civil society was used for the first time, as a tool for understanding and analysis. Thereafter, by the end of the first decade of this century, the concept of civilian state was used, as a goal to be achieved by those countries. These uses have been encouraged by the dynamics of multiple and profound transformations that Arab societies have undergone during the last three decades. Arab thinkers then, produced several relevant intellectual essays, aimed to rooting these concepts in Arab political thought and practice. Two trends emerged: the first one is rather favorable to the use of these concepts but on the contrary the second on eis reserved about the usefulness of these concepts in the analysis of Arab societies. In this article, the authors discussed also the problematic of the associations that make up, what is called in the Arab world, "El-moujtamaa El-ahli" such as Zaouias, arouches,…., with regard to their status and their capacity to play a role in the progress of Arab societies towards democracy and citizenship. Résumé: Nous examinerons dans cet article, l'origine et la signification des concepts de la société civile et de l'Etat civil. Nous montrerons que leur origine et leur genèse sont interdépendantes et que leur signification est liée au développement social, politique et intellectuel des pays occidentaux. Leur utilisation est récente dans la pensée et les pratiques intellectuelles et politiques arabes. L’utilisation du concept de société civile comme un outil de compréhension et d'analyse remonte au milieu des années 1980. Le concept de l’Etat civil est apparu comme un objectif à atteindre vers la fin de la première décennie du présent siècle. Les débats sur cette question ont donné lieu à l’apparition de deux tendances, l’une favorable à l’utilisation de ces concepts et l’autre plus réservée quant leur l’utilisation dans la compréhension et l’analyse des sociétés arabes. Notre apport à ce débat est de discuter la problématique des associations qui composent, ce qui est appelé dans le monde arabe, «Elmoujtamaa El-ahli» eu égard à leur rôle dans l’évolution des sociétés arabes vers la démocratie et la citoyenneté.