مجلة الوقاية والأرغونوميا
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Item المقاربة الأرغونومية لمواجهة الأخطاء الطبية(جامعة الجزائر2 أبو القاسم سعد الله Algiers2 University Abu El Kacem Saad Allah, 2021-10-01) Mokdad, Mohamedنظام الانسان الآلة وحدة اساسية في الأرغونوميا، ونجاحه أو فشله يعتمد على نجاح عناصره المختلفة أو فشلها. ومما يمكن أن يؤدي إلى فشل النظام ما يصدر عن الانسان من أخطاء. ومن الأخطاء الانسانية التي تفشل نطام الانسان- الآلة، الأخطاء الطبية. ترى المنظمة العالمية للصحة أن الأخطاء الطبية هي السبب الرئيسي للضرر الذي يحدث في أنظمة الرعاية الصحية في جميع أنحاء العالم. كما تشير إلى أن على الصعيد العالمي، تكلف الأخطاء الطبية ما مقداره (42) مليار دولار أمريكي سنويًا. وفي تقرير عن السلامة في الرعاية الصحية نشره معهد الطب الأمريكي، تبين أنه في كل عام يموت من الأمريكيين نتيجة الأخطاء الطبية ما بين (40000) إلى (98000)، وهو عدد يتجاوز بكثير ما يموت من حوادث السيارات. يدرك الجميع أن النظام الطبي تطور في العقود الأخيرة بشكل كبير. كما شهد مستوى غير مسبوق من التعقيد وخاصة بسبب تعقد الأمراض ومشاكل الأفراد والتكنولوجيا الطبية المتطورة التي تستخدم على نطاق واسع فيه. كل هذه التعقيدات جعلت العمل في المجال الطبي صعبا يضع على العاملين فيه مستويات عالية من الضغط والاحتراق النفسي. وكما هو معروف، فإن من يعمل في مواقف العمل التي تتسم بمستويات عالية من الضغط والاحتراق النفسي يكون عرضة لارتكاب أخطاء العمل والإصابات والحوادث. والأرغونوميا باعتبارها العلم الذي يسعى إلى تكييف العمل للإنسان، فإنها يمكن إذا ما تم أخذها بعين الاعتبار في المجال الطبي أن تضع حدا للأخطاء الطبية. وعليه، تسعى هذه الورقة إلى الإجابة عن الاسئلة الآتية: • ما هي المقاربة الأرغونومية للأخطاء الطبية؟ • ماذا يمكن للأرغونوميا أن تقدم للمساهمة في التقليل من الأخطاء الطبية؟ Man-machine system is an essential unit in ergonomics. Its success or failure depends on the success or failure of its various components. What could lead to the failure of the system is the mistakes made by humans. Among the human errors that fail man-machine system, the medical errors. The World Health Organization considers medical errors to be the main cause of damage in healthcare systems around the world. It also notes that globally, medical errors cost an estimated $ 42 billion annually. In a report on health care safety published by the American Institute of Medicine, it was found that every year, between (40,000) and (98,000) Americans die as a result of medical errors. In recent decades the medical system has significantly developed. It also witnessed an unprecedented level of complexity, especially due to the complexity of diseases and problems of individuals and the advanced medical technology that is widely used in it. All these complications have made working in the medical field difficult, which places high levels of stress and burnout on workers. Those who work in workplaces that are characterized by high levels of stress are vulnerable to committing work mistakes, and accidents. Ergonomics, as the science that seeks to adapt work to the human being, if taken into account in the medical field, it can put an end to medical errors. Accordingly, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: • What is the ergonomic approach to medical errors? • What can Ergonomics do to help reduce medical errors?Item Ergonomics In Sustainable Development(مجلة الوقاية والارغنوميا - مخبر الوقاية والارغنوميا- كلية العلوم الاجتماعية -جامعة الجزائر2 ابو القاسم سعدالله, 2012-06-01) Coelhoa Denis, A; Couvinhasb Ana, FGiven the complexity of problems and diverse reality of industrially developing countries (IDCs), the goals for ergonomic action vary greatly according to the particular case and scenario at hand. This paper proposes a multi-dimensional approach to reflect on the complexity of ergonomic needs in developing countries, focusing on development programmes. These can be a means of promoting consideration of ergonomics contributions, at both the planning and deployment stages of this kind of programmes. The paper reports on macroergonomic considerations applied to development programmes, adopting a systemic design approach. It is argued that macroergonomics can give important contributions towards achieving sustainable development, and, albeit indirectly, in mitigating the consequences of natural disasters. Recognizing the urgency in achieving sustainable development, a set of examples illustrating transitioning between goals for ergonomics intervention, as development progresses, is discussed from a practical perspectiveItem ergonomics: The Emerging Science In The Indian Scenario(مجلة الوقاية والارغنوميا - مخبر الوقاية والارغنوميا- كلية العلوم الاجتماعية -جامعة الجزائر2 ابو القاسم سعدالله, 2012-06-01) Majumdar, DhurjatiSince time immemorable, man has been using ergon omics to make life more comfortable, whether the “hunter-gatherer” sharpens his tools for hunting and protection or the caveman using flint stones to light the first fire. One of the earliest civilizations in the world, India has been a torch bearer in research in ergonomics for alleviating human factor issues in day to day life; however such practices were not documented, as oppose to Western countries. Although people gradually realized the importance of ergonomics in various facets of their lives, lack of education, unorganized industrial and health sector, a slowly developing economy and absence of Government induced laws posed hindrance for the growth of the science of ergonomics in India. Importing advanced technology without adapting it to the environmental, physical, mental and sociocultural needs of the Indian workforce has not been fully realistic. In an urge to bring about technological advancement faster, often the characteristics and preferences of human operators are ignored and cause failure in technology transfer by alienating the workforce and achieve little in improving the living and working conditions of the local people. Sixty years after independence, there is more awareness amongst the masses and research in ergonomics has struck its roots not only in industrial sectors but in health, consumer products of daily needs, in the defence and agricultural sectors as well. However, lack of categorized data base of the population anthropometry still poses a major problem in product and facilities development. There is an acute need for in depth research in physical, physiological and psychological aspects of the Indian population which exhibits enormous diversity amongst ethnic groups. Ergonomics, as a useful tool for evaluating the indigenous technology and products as well as the imported ones and their implementation, can contribute to the safe and productive application of technology. In doing so India needs to emphasize on the availability of knowledge base of it’s own in the form of standards, recommendations, procedures, etc. concerning working conditions, occupational health and safety. Since many factors influencing the nature, extent and diversity of problems are specific to India (e.g. climate, people, method of work, facilities, infrastructures of technology, finance, etc.) it is necessary to incorporate research into agricultural, industrial, defence and domestic issues. Extensive efforts in this regard are being carried out in different parts of the country which now need to be unified for streamlining the recommendations and forming the ergonomic guidelines for particular population undertaking a particular occupation. A shared vision and programme for applying ergonomic concepts for an overall development of Indian society as a whole is the need of the day and each Indian is required to play his own part efficiently in this endeavour.